Fixative is a transparent, protective spray used by artists to preserve artwork created with dry mediums like charcoal, pastels, pencils, and graphite. It helps prevent smudging, fading, and dust accumulation without altering the colors or texture of the medium.

There are two main types of fixatives:

1. Workable Fixative: This allows the artist to continue working on the piece after applying it. It temporarily sets the medium, providing a stable surface for further layers. Artists can then add more details or blend without disturbing earlier work.
2. Final Fixative: This is applied as the last layer, permanently sealing the artwork. It is more durable and provides long-term protection from environmental factors.

Fixatives usually come in aerosol cans and are sprayed from a distance to ensure even coverage. They can be made from natural resins like shellac or synthetic resins and are diluted in alcohol or other solvents. It’s recommended to use them in a well-ventilated area, as the fumes can be harmful.